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Plastic classification
According to the different usage characteristics of various plastics, they are usually divided into three types: general plastics, engineering plastics, and specialty plastics.
(1) General plastic: generally refers to plastic with high production volume, wide applications, good formability, and low price. There are five major types of general-purpose plastics, namely polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS). These five major types of plastics account for the vast majority of plastic raw material usage, while the rest can be classified as special plastic varieties, such as PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), PPO (polyphenylene oxide), PA (nylon or polyamide), PC (polycarbonate), POM (polyoxymethylene or polyoxymethylene), etc. They are rarely used in daily life products and are mainly used in high-end fields such as engineering industry, national defense technology, etc., such as automotive, aerospace, construction, communication, etc.
(2) Engineering plastics generally refer to plastics that can withstand certain external forces, have good mechanical properties and resistance to high and low temperatures, have good dimensional stability, and can be used as engineering structures, such as polyamide, polysulfone, etc. In engineering plastics, they are divided into two categories: general engineering plastics and special engineering plastics. Engineering plastics are widely used in industries such as electronics and electrical, automotive, construction, office equipment, machinery, aerospace, etc. Replacing steel and wood with plastics has become an international trend.
General engineering plastics include polyamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, modified polyphenylene ether, thermoplastic polyester, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, methyl pentene polymer, vinyl alcohol copolymer, etc.
Special engineering plastics can be divided into cross-linked and non cross-linked types. Cross linked types include polyamino bismaleamide, polytriazine, cross-linked polyimide, heat-resistant epoxy resin, etc. Non crosslinked types include polysulfone, polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), etc.
(3) Special plastics generally refer to plastics with special functions that can be used in special application fields such as aviation and aerospace. For example, fluoroplastics and organosilicon have outstanding special functions such as high temperature resistance and self-lubricating, and reinforced plastics and foam plastics have special properties such as high strength and high cushioning. These plastics belong to the category of special plastics.
a. Reinforced plastics: Reinforced plastic raw materials can be divided into three types in appearance: granular (such as calcium plastic reinforced plastics), fibrous (such as glass fiber or glass cloth reinforced plastics), and sheet-like (such as mica reinforced plastics). According to the material, it can be divided into three types: fabric reinforced plastics (such as shredded cloth reinforced or asbestos reinforced plastics), inorganic mineral filled plastics (such as quartz or mica filled plastics), and fiber-reinforced plastics (such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics).
b. Foam plastics: Foam plastics can be divided into hard, semi hard and soft foam plastics. Rigid foamed plastic has no flexibility, and its compression hardness is very high. Only when it reaches a certain stress value can it deform. After the stress is relieved, it cannot be restored to its original state; Soft foamed plastics are flexible, with low compression hardness, easy to deform, and can recover after stress relief, with small residual deformation; The flexibility and other properties of semi-rigid foams are between those of rigid and soft foams.